Fundamentals Of Oral And Maxillofacial Radiology

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By (author) Hubar, J. Sean; By (author) Hubar J. Sean

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Fundamentals of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology provides a concise overview of the principles of dental radiology, emphasizing their application to clinical practice.

Fundamentals of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology provides a concise overview of the principles of dental radiology, emphasizing their application to clinical practice.

• Distills foundational knowledge on oral radiology in an accessible guide
• Uses a succinct, easy-to-follow approach
• Focuses on practical applications for radiology information and techniques
• Presents summaries of the most common osseous pathologic lesions and dental anomalies
• Includes companion website with figures from the book in PowerPoint and x-ray puzzles

Table of contents

Acknowledgments ix

About the Companion Website x

Part One: Fundamentals 1

A. Introduction 3

What is dental radiology? 3

What are x rays? 3

What’s the big deal about x‐ray images? 5

B. History 6

Discovery of x rays 6

Who took the world’s first “dental” radiograph? 8

Dr. C. E. Kells, Jr., a New Orleans dentist and the early days of dental radiography 8

C. Generation of X Rays 11

D. Exposure Controls 13

Voltage (V) 13

Amperage (A) 13

Exposure timer 14

E. Radiation Dosimetry 15

Exposure 15

Absorbed dose 15

Equivalent dose 15

Effective dose 16

F. Radiation Biology 17

What happens to the dental x‐ray photons that are directed at a patient? 18

Determinants of biologic damage from x‐radiation exposure 19

G. Radiation Protection 22

1. Radiation protection: Patient 22

Protective apron 23

Collimation 24

Filtration 25

Digital versus analog 26

Exposure settings 26

Operator technique 26

2. Radiation protection: Office personnel 27

How much occupational radiation exposure is permitted? 29

H. Patient Selection Criteria 30

I. Film versus Digital Imaging 32

Film 32

Digital imaging 33

Imaging software 36

J. What do Dental X‐ray Images Reveal? 38

Alterations to the dentition 38

Periodontal disease 39

Growth and development 39

Alterations to periapical tissues 40

Osseous pathology 40

Temporomandibular joint disorder 40

Implant assessment (pre‐ and post‐placement) 40

Identification of a foreign body 40

K. Intraoral Imaging Techniques 41

1. Paralleling technique 42

Maxillary incisors paralleling projection 45

Maxillary cuspid paralleling projection 45

Maxillary bicuspid paralleling projection 46

Maxillary molar paralleling projection 46

Mandibular incisor paralleling projection 47

Mandibular cuspid paralleling projection 48

Mandibular bicuspid paralleling projection 48

Mandibular molar paralleling projection 49

2. Bisecting angle technique 50

Maxillary incisor bisecting angle projection 51

Maxillary cuspid bisecting angle projection 51

Maxillary bicuspid bisecting angle projection 52

Maxillary molar bisecting angle projection 52

Mandibular incisor bisecting angle projection 53

Mandibular cuspid bisecting angle projection 53

Mandibular bicuspid bisecting angle projection 54

Mandibular molar bisecting angle projection 54

3. Bitewing technique 55

Bicuspid bitewing 56

Molar bitewing 56

Anterior bitewing projection 56

4. Distal oblique technique 57

5. Occlusal imaging technique 58

Maxillary occlusal projection 59

Mandibular occlusal projection 6